Rating Symbols Definitions

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Investment Grade Securities rated in this category are adjudged to be of highest credit quality. This level of rating indicates highest level of safety for timely payment of interest and principal. Risk factors are negligible and nearest to risk free government securities.
AA+, AA, AA- (Double A) (High Safety)	Securities rated in this category are adjudged to be of high credit quality and offer higher safety. This level of rating indicates a security with sound credit profile and without significant problems. Protection factors are strong. Risk is modest but may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A Single A (Adequate Safety)	Securities rated in this category are adjudged to be of good credit quality and offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. Protection factors are considered variable and more susceptible to changes in circumstances than securities in higher-rated categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Securities rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates deficiencies in certain protective elements but still considered sufficient for prudent investment. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BB+, BB, BB Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative Grade Securities rated in this category are considered to be of speculative grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Present or prospective financial protection factors fluctuate according to industry conditions or company fortunes. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B- Single B (High Risk)	Securities rated in this category are considered to be of highly speculative grade. This level of rating indicates high risk associated with timely repayment of interest and principal. Financial protection factors will fluctuate widely according to economic cycles, industry conditions and/or company fortunes. Potential exists for frequent changes in the rating within this category or into a higher or lower rating grade.
CCC+,CCC,CCC- (Vulnerable)	Securities rated in this category is currently vulnerable to non-repayment, and is dependent upon favourable business conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC+,CC,CC- (High Vulnerable)	Securities rated in this category is currently high vulnerable to non-repayment.
C+,C,C- (Near to Default)	Securities rated in this category are considered to be near to default. Protection factors are scarce. Timely repayment of interest and principal is possible only if favorable circumstances continue.
D (Default)	Default Grade Defaulted debt obligations. Issuer failed to meet scheduled principal and/or interest payments.

For long-term ratings, CRISL assigns + (plus) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the upper-end of its generic rating category and - (minus) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the bottom end of its generic rating category. Long term ratings without any sign denote mid-levels of each group.

Short Term ratings of debt instrument

RATING	DEFINITION
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty with regard to the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments. Safety is almost like risk free government short-term securities.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty with regard to the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty with regard to the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Satisfactory Grade Satisfactory protection factors qualify a security to be in investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation those rated in higher categories.
ST-5	Speculative Grade Speculative investment characteristics with high risk of default. Obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments depends upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions.
ST-6	Default Grade Defaulted debt obligations. Issuer failed to meet scheduled principal and/or interest payments.

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Investment Grade Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of companies.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (High Safety)	Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates an airlines entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A- Single A (Adequate Safety)	Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates an airlines entity with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB- Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that a company is under-performing in some areas. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories. These airlines are however considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations.
BB+, BB, BB- Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative Grade Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to lack key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates a company as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B- Single B (Risky)	Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities.
CCC+,CCC,CCC- Triple C (Vulnerable)	Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to be vulnerable and might fail to meet its repayments frequently or it may currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities. Continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CC+,CC, CC- Double C (High Vulnerable)	Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to be very highly vulnerable. Airlines might not have required financial flexibility to continue meeting obligations; however, continuance of timely repayment is subject to external support.
C+,C,C- (Extremely Speculative)	Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to be with extremely speculative in timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates Airlines with very serious problems and unless external support is provided, they would be unable to meet financial obligations.
D (Default)	Default Grade Airlines rated in this category are adjudged to be either already in default or expected to be in default.

Note: For long-term ratings, CRISL assigns + (Positive) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the upper-end of its generic rating category and - (Minus) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the bottom end of its generic rating category. Long-term ratings without any sign denote mid-levels of each group.

Short term ratings of airline industries

RATING	DEFINITION
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding. Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital markets is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Moderate Grade Moderate liquidity and other protection factors qualify an entity to be in investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Speculative Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to ensure discharging debt obligations. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.
ST-6	Default Entity is in default or is likely to default in discharging its short-term obligations. Market access for liquidity and external support is uncertain.

Rating	Definition
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Bank/FIs rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of banks.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (High Safety)	Bank/ FIS rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A Single A (Adequate Safety)	Bank/FIs rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Bank/FIs rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that a bank is under-performing in some areas. These entities are however, considered to have the capability to overcome the abovementioned limitations with special care and cautious operation. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BB+, BB, BB- Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Bank/FIs rated in this category are adjudged to lack of key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates a bank as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B- Single B (Risky)	Bank/FIs rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time, continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CCC+,CCC, CCC- Triple C (Vulnerable)	Bank/FIs rated in this category are adjudged to be with vulnerable protection factors. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is doubtful unless circumstances are favourable.
CC+,CC, CC- Double C (High Vulnerable)	Bank/FIs rated in this category are adjudged to be with high vulnerable position. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is quite lower unless overall circumstances are favourable or there is possibility of high degree external support.
C (Near to Default)	Bank/FIs rated in this category are adjudged to be with near to default in timely repayment of financial obligations. This type rating may be used to cover a situation where a insolvency petition has been filed or similar action has been taken, but payments on the obligation are being continued with high degree of external support.
D (Default)	Bank/FIs rated in this category are adjudged to be either currently in default or expected to be in default. This level of rating indicates that the entities are unlikely to meet maturing financial obligations and calls for immediate external support of a high order.

Short Term ratings of banks and financial institutions

Rating	Definition
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding, Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital markets is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Satisfactory Grade Satisfactory liquidity and other protection factors qualify issues as to investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Non-Investment Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to insure against disruption in debt service. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.
ST-6	Default Issuer failed to meet scheduled principal and/or interest payments.

RATING	DEFINITION
blr AAA (blr Triple A) (Highest Safety)	Investment Grade Bank Loan/ Facilities enjoyed by banking clients rated in this category are adjudged to have highest credit quality, offer highest safety and carries almost no risk. Risk factors are negligible and almost nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of loans/ facilities.
blr AA+, blr AA, blr AA- blr Double A (High Safety)	Bank Loan/ Facilities enjoyed by banking clients rated in this category are adjudged to have high credit quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates that the loan / facilities enjoyed by an entity has sound credit profile and without any significant problem. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
blr A+, blr A, blr A- blr Single A (Adequate Safety)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to carry adequate safety for timely repayment/ settlement. This level of rating indicates that the loan / facilities enjoyed by an entity has adequate and reliable credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
blr BBB+, blr BBB, blr BBB- blr Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment /fulfilling commitments. This level of rating indicates that the client enjoying loans/ facilities under-performing in some areas. However, these clients are considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. Cash flows are irregular but the same is sufficient to service the laon/ fulfill commitments. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
blr BB+, blr BB, blr BB- blr Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative/ Non investment Grade Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to lack key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates loans/ facilities enjoyed by a client are below investment grade. However, clients may discharge the obligation irregularly within reasonable time although they are in financial/ cash problem. These loans / facilities need strong monitoring from bankers side. There is possibility of overcoming the business situation with the support from group concerns/ owners. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
blr B+, blr B, blr B- blr Single B (Somewhat Risky)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to have weak protection factors. Timely repayment of financial obligations may be impaired by problems. Whilst a Bank loan rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time, continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support. Special monitoring is needed from the financial institutions to recover the installments.
blr CCC+, blr CCC, blr CCC- blr Triple C (Risky )	Risky Grade Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to be in vulnerable status and the clients enjoying these loans/ facilities might fail to meet its repayments frequently or it may currently meeting obligations through creating external support/liabilities. Continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support. These loans / facilities need strong monitoring from bankers side for recovery.
blr CC+, blr CC, blr CC- blr Double C (High Risky)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to carry high risk. Client enjoying the loan/ facility might not have required financial flexibility to continue meeting obligations; however, continuance of timely repayment is subject to external support. These loans / facilities need strong monitoring from bankers side for recovery.
blr C+, blr C, blr C- (Extremely Speculative)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to be extremely risky in timely repayment/ fulfilling commitments. This level of rating indicates that the clients enjoying these loan/ facilities are with very serious problems and unless external support is provided, they would be unable to meet financial obligations.
blr D (Default)	Default Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be either already in default or expected to be in default.

Note: For long-term ratings, CRISL assigns + (Positive) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the upper-end of its generic rating category and - (Minus) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the bottom end of its generic rating category. Long-term ratings without any sign denote mid-levels of each group.

Short Term ratings of bank loan ratings (Corporate)

RATING	DEFINITION
blr ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding, Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
blr ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
blr ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital markets is good. Risk factors are small.
blr ST-4	Moderate Grade Moderate liquidity and other protection factors qualify issues as to invest grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
blr ST-5	Non-Investment Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to insure against disruption in debt service. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.
blr ST-6	Default Institution failed to meet financial obligations

Long Term ratings of bank loan ratings (Small and medium enterprises)

RATING	DEFINITION
blrCRISLSe/Me-1 (Highest Safety)	Investment Grade Bank Loan/ Facilities enjoyed by banking clients rated in this category are adjudged to have highest credit quality, offer highest safety and carry almost no risk. Risk factors are negligible and almost nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of loans/ facilities.
blrCRISL Se/Me-2 (Higher Safety)	Bank Loan/ Facilities enjoyed by banking clients rated in this category are adjudged to have higher credit quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates that the loan / facilities enjoyed by an entity has sound credit profile and without any significant problem. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
blrCRISL Se/Me-3 (Adequate Safety)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to carry adequate safety for timely repayment/ settlement. This level of rating indicates that the loan / facilities enjoyed by an entity have adequate and reliable credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
blrCRISL Se/Me-4 (Moderate Safety)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment /fulfilling commitments. This level of rating indicates that the client enjoying loans/ facilities under-performing in some areas. However, these clients are considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. Cash flows are irregular but the same is sufficient to service the loan/ fulfill commitments. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
blrCRISL Se/Me-5 (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative Grade Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to lack key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates loans/ facilities enjoyed by a client are below investment grade. However, clients may discharge the obligation irregularly within reasonable time although they are in financial/ cash problem. These loans / facilities need strong monitoring from bankers side. There is possibility of overcoming the business situation with the support from group concerns/ owners. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
blrCRISL Se/Me-6 (Risky)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to have weak protection factors. Timely repayment of financial obligations may be impaired by problems. Whilst a Bank loan rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time, continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support. Special monitoring is needed from the financial institutions to recover the installments.
blrCRISL Se/Me-7 (Vulnerable )	Non-Investment Grade Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to be in vulnerable status and the clients enjoying these loans/ facilities might fail to meet its repayments frequently or it may currently meeting obligations through creating external support/liabilities. Continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support. These loans / facilities need strong monitoring from bankers side for recovery.
blrCRISL Se/Me-8 (Highly Vulnerable)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to carry high risk and are highly vulnerable. Client enjoying the loan/ facility might not have required financial flexibility to continue meeting obligations; however, continuance of timely repayment is subject to external support. These loans / facilities need strong monitoring from bankers side for recovery.
blrCRISL Se/Me-9 (Extremely Vulnerable)	Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to be extremely vulnerable in timely repayment/ fulfilling commitments. This level of rating indicates that the clients enjoying these loan/ facilities are with very serious problems and unless external support is provided, they would be unable to meet financial obligations.
blrCRISL Se/Me-10 (Default)	Default Grade Bank Loan/ Facilities rated in this category are adjudged to be either already in default or expected to be in default.

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A	Highly structured and regulatory complied organization having long business experience in the industry with very high record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors and changing economic conditions are unlikely to have any significant impact on this category of insurance entities.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A	Sufficiently structured and good regulatory organization having long business experience in the industry with high record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are modest and changing economic conditions are unlikely to have any significant impact on this category of insurance entities.
A+, A, A- Single A	Good structured and complied organization having long business experience in the industry with good record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are low and changing economic conditions are likely to have impact on this category of insurance entities.
BBB+, BBB, BBB- Triple B	Average structured and complied organization having long business experience in the industry with average record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are moderate and changing economic conditions may have some impact on this category of insurance entities but risks are appeared to be manageable.
BB+, BB, BB- Double B	Moderate structured and complied organization having business experience in the industry with moderate record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are average and changing economic conditions may have impact on this category of insurance entities.
B+, B, B- Single B	Below average structured and complied organization with below record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are there and changing economic conditions may have adverse impact on this category of insurance entities.
CCC+, CCC, CCC- Triple C	Weakly structured and complied organization with weak record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are significant and changing economic conditions may have direct adverse impact on this category of insurance entities.
CC+, CC, CC- Double C	Poorly structured and complied organization with poor record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are high and changing economic conditions will have direct adverse impact on this category of insurance entities.
C+, C, C- Single C	Highly non structured and non complied organization with extremely poor record of meeting business and financial obligations.
D	Highly non structured and non complied organization and at default in meeting business and financial obligations.

Rating Scale of Insurance Claim Paying Ability (Non Life Insurance)

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A	Highest claims paying ability. Risk factors are negligible and almost risk free.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A	Very high claims paying ability. Protection factors are strong. Risk is modest. but may vary slightly over time due to underwriting and/or economic condition.
A+, A, A- Single A	High claims paying ability. Protection factors are good and there is an expectation of variability in risk over time due to economic and/or underwriting conditions.
BBB+, BBB, BBB- Triple B	Good claims paying ability. Protection factors are good. Changes in underwriting and/or economic conditions are likely to have impact on capacity to meet policyholder obligations than insurers in higher rated categories.
BB+, BB, BB- Double B	Average claim paying ability. Protection factors are average. The companies are deemed likely to meet these obligations when due. But changes in underwriting and/or economic conditions are more likely to weaken the capacity to meet policyholder obligations than insurers in higher rated categories.
B+, B, B- Single B	Inadequate Claim paying ability. Protection factors are weak. Changes in underwriting and/or economic conditions are very likely to further weaken the capacity to meet policyholder obligations than insurers in higher rated categories.
CCC+, CCC, CCC- Triple C	Uncertain claims paying ability. The companies may not meet these obligations when due. Protection factors are very weak and vary widely with changes in economic and/or underwriting conditions.
CC+, CC, CC- Double C	Poor claims paying ability. Adverse underwriting or economic conditions would lead to lack of ability on part of insurer to meet policyholder obligations.
C+, C, C- Single C	Very high risk that policyholders obligations will not be paid when due. Present factors cause claim paying ability to be vulnerable to default or very likely to be default. Timely payment of policyholder obligations possible only if favorable economic and underwriting conditions emerge.
D	Insurance companies rated in this category are adjudged to be currently in default.

Rating	Definition
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of Investment Companies.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (High Safety)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates an entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A Single A (Adequate Safety)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates an entity with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that an Investment Company is under-performing in some areas. These entities are however, considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations with special care and cautious operation. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BB+, BB, BB Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to lack of key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates an Investment Company as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B Single B (Risky)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time, continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CCC+,CCC, CCC Triple C (Vulnerable)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to be with vulnerable protection factors. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is doubtful unless circumstances are favorable.
CC+,CC, CC- Double C (High Vulnerable)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to be with high vulnerable position. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is quite lower unless overall circumstances are favourable or there is possibility of high degree external support.
C (Near to Default)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to be with near to default in timely repayment of financial obligations. This type rating may be used to cover a situation where an insolvency petition has been filed or similar action has been taken, but payments on the obligation are being continued with high degree of external support.
D (Default)	Investment Companies rated in this category are adjudged to be either currently in default or expected to be in default. This level of rating indicates that the entities are unlikely to meet maturing financial obligations and calls for immediate external support of a high order.

Note: For long-term ratings, CRISL assigns + (Positive) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the upper-end of its generic rating category and - (Minus) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the bottom end of its generic rating category. Long-term ratings without any sign denote mid-levels of each group.

Short Term ratings of investment companies

Rating	Definition
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding. Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital  markets is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Satisfactory Grade Satisfactory liquidity and other protection factors qualify issues as to investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Non-Investment Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to insure against disruption in debt service. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.
ST-6	Default Entity failed to meet scheduled principal and/or interest payments.

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A	Highly structured and regulatory complied organization having long business experience in the industry with very high record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors and changing economic conditions are unlikely to have any significant impact on this category of insurance entities.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A	Sufficiently structured and good regulatory organization having long business experience in the industry with high record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are modest and changing economic conditions are unlikely to have any significant impact on this category of insurance entities.
A+, A, A- Single A	Good structured and complied organization having long business experience in the industry with good record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are low and changing economic conditions are likely to have impact on this category of insurance entities.
BBB+, BBB, BBB - Triple B	Average structured and complied organization having long business experience in the industry with average record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are moderate and changing economic conditions may have some impact on this category of insurance entities but risks are appeared to be manageable.
BB+, BB, BB- Double B	Moderate structured and complied organization having business experience in the industry with moderate record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are average and changing economic conditions may have impact on this category of insurance entities.
B+, B, B- Single B	Below average structured and complied organization with below record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are there and changing economic conditions may have adverse impact on this category of insurance entities.
CCC+, CCC, CCC- Triple C	Weakly structured and complied organization with weak record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are significant and changing economic conditions may have direct adverse impact on this category of insurance entities.
CC+,CC,CC- Double C	Poorly structured and complied organization with poor record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are high and changing economic conditions will have direct adverse impact on this category of insurance entities.
C+,C,C- Single C	Highly non structured and non complied organization with extremely poor record of meeting business and financial obligations.
D Default	Highly non structured and non complied organization and at default in meeting business and financial obligations.

Rating Scale of Insurance Claim Paying Ability (Life/Health Insurance)

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A	Highly structured and regulatory complied organization having long business experience in the industry with very high record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors and changing economic conditions are unlikely to have any significant impact on this category of insurance entities.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A	Sufficiently structured and good regulatory organization having long business experience in the industry with high record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are modest and changing economic conditions are unlikely to have any significant impact on this category of insurance entities.
A+, A, A- Single A	Good structured and complied organization having long business experience in the industry with good record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are low and changing economic conditions are likely to have impact on this category of insurance entities.
BBB+, BBB, BBB- Triple B	Average structured and complied organization having long business experience in the industry with average record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are moderate and changing economic conditions may have some impact on this category of insurance entities but risks are appeared to be manageable.
BB+, BB, BB- Double B	Moderate structured and complied organization having business experience in the industry with moderate record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are average and changing economic conditions may have impact on this category of insurance entities.
B+, B, B- Single B	Below average structured and complied organization with below record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are there and changing economic conditions may have adverse impact on this category of insurance entities.
CCC+, CCC, CCC- Triple C	Weakly structured and complied organization with weak record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are significant and changing economic conditions may have direct adverse impact on this category of insurance entities.
CC+, CC, CC- Double C	Poorly structured and complied organization with poor record of meeting business and financial obligations. Risk factors are high and changing economic conditions will have direct adverse impact on this category of insurance entities.
C+, C, C- Single C	Highly non structured and non complied organization with extremely poor record of meeting business and financial obligations.
D	Highly non structured and non complied organization and at default in meeting business and financial obligations.

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Investment Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of companies.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (High Safety)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A Single A (Adequate Safety)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Entities rated in this category are adj dged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that a company is under-performing in some areas. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories. These entities are however considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations.
BB+, BB, BB Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to lack key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates a company as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B Single B (Risky)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities.
CCC+,CCC , CCC Triple C (Vulnerable)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be vulnerable and might fail to meet its repayments frequently or it may currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities. Continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CC+,CC, CC Double C (High Vulnerable)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be very highly vulnerable. Entities might not have required financial flexibility to continue meeting obligations; however, continuance of timely repayment is subject to external support.
C+, C, C- (Extremely Speculative)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be with extremely speculative in timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates entities with very serious problems and unless external support is provided, they would be unable to meet financial obligations.
D (Default)	Default Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be either already in default or expected to be in default.

Note: For long-term ratings, CRISL assigns + (Positive) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the upper-end of its generic rating category and - (Minus) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the bottom end of its generic rating category. Long-term ratings without any sign denote mid-levels of each group.

Short Term rating scale for manufacturing corporate

RATING	DEFINITION
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding. Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital markets is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Moderate Grade Moderate liquidity and other protection factors qualify an entity to be in investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Speculative Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to ensure discharging debt obligations. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.

Rating	Definition
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of Merchant Banks.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (High Safety)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A- Single A (Adequate Safety)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB- Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that a Merchant Bank is under-performing in some areas. These entities are however, considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations with special care and cautious operation. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BB+, BB, BB- Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to lack of key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates a Merchant Bank as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B- Single B (Risky)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time, continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CCC+,CCC, CCC- Triple C (Vulnerable)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to be with vulnerable protection factors. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is doubtful unless circumstances are favourable.
CC+,CC, CC- Double C (High Vulnerable)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to be with high vulnerable position. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is quite lower unless overall circumstances are favourable or there is possibility of high degree external support.
C Single C (Near to Default)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to be with near to default in timely repayment of financial obligations. This type rating may be used to cover a situation where a insolvency petition has been filed or similar action has been taken, but payments on the obligation are being continued with high degree of external support.
D (Default)	Merchant Banks rated in this category are adjudged to be either currently in default or expected to be in default. This level of rating indicates that the entities are unlikely to meet maturing financial obligations and calls for immediate external support of a high order.

Short Term rating scale of merchant banks

Rating	Definition
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding. Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital markets is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Satisfactory Grade Satisfactory liquidity and other protection factors qualify issues as to investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Non-Investment Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to insure against disruption in debt service. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.
ST-6	Default Entity failed to meet scheduled principal and/or interest payments.

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Investment Grade Micro Finance Institutions rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of MFIs.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (High Safety)	Micro Finance Institutions rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A Single A (Adequate Safety)	Micro Finance Institutions rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Micro Finance Institutions rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that a MFI is under-performing in some areas. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories. These entities are however considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations.
BB+, BB, BB Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative Grade Micro Finance Institutions rated in this category are adjudged to lack key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates a MFI as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B Single B (High Risk)	Micro Finance Institutions rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time, continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CCC+,CCC, CCC Triple C (Vulnerable)	MFIs rated in this category are adjudged to be with vulnerable protection factors. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is doubtful unless circumstances are favourable.
CC+,CC, CC Double C (High vulnerable)	MFIs rated in this category are adjudged to be with high vulnerable position. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is not possible unless overall circumstances are favourable or high degree of external support.
C+,C,C- (Very High Risk)	Micro Finance Institutions rated in this category are adjudged to be with very high risk of timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates entities with very serious problems and unless external support is provided, they would be unable to meet obligations in a timely fashion.
D (Default)	Micro Finance Institutions rated in this category are adjudged to be either currently in default or expected to be in default. This level of rating indicates that the entities are unlikely to meet maturing financial obligations and calls for immediate external support of a high order.

Short Term rating scale of micro finance institutions

RATING	DEFINITION
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding, Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital markets is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Satisfactory Grade Satisfactory liquidity and other protection factors qualify issues as to invest grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Non-Investment Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to insure against disruption in debt service. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.
ST-6	Default Institution failed to meet financial obligations

Rating scale of social impact rating

RATING	DEFINITION
SI-1	Highest Grade Highest social impact in terms of change in the quality of life of the poor and hard - core people of the society. Having exceptionally strong and sustainable wide network of service delivery system, the MFI achieved highest social objectives.
SI-2	Higher Grade Higher social impact in terms of change in the quality of life of the poor and hard - core people of the society. Having very strong and sustainable wide network of service delivery system, the MFI achieved higher social objectives.
SI-3	High Grade High social impact in terms of change in the quality of life of the poor and hard - core people of the society. Having strong and sustainable wide network of service delivery system, the MFI achieved high social objectives.
SI-4	Good Grade Good social impact in terms of change in the quality of life of the poor and hard - core people of the society. Having reasonably strong and sustainable wide network of service delivery system, the MFI achieved good social objectives.
SI-5	Satisfactory Grade Satisfactory social impact in terms of change in the quality of life of the poor and hard - core people of the society. Having sustainable wide network of service delivery system, the MFI achieved satisfactory social objectives.
SI-6	Average Grade Average social impact in terms of change in the quality of life of the poor and hard - core people of the society. Having small network of service delivery system, the MFI achieved average social objectives.
SI-7	Below Average Below social impact in terms of change in the quality of life of the poor and hard -core people of the society. Having non-sustainable wide network of service delivery system, achieved below average social objectives.
SI-8	Poor Grade Poor social impact in terms of change in the quality of life of the poor and hard - core people of the society. Having non effective service delivery system, the MFI could not achieve any social objectives.

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety) Investment Grade	Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of companies.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (Higher Safety)	Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to be of higher quality, offer higher safety and have higher credit quality. This level of rating indicates a municipality with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A- Single A (Adequate Safety)	Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates a municipality with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB- Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that a Municipality is under-performing in some areas. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories. These Municipalities are however considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations.
BB+, BB, BB- Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative Grade  Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to lack key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates a Municipality as below investment grade but deems likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B- Single B (Risky)	Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to be with risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities.
CCC+,CCC, CCC- Triple C (Vulnerable)	Non-Investment Grade  Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to be vulnerable and might fail to meet its repayments frequently or it may currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities. Continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CC+,CC, CC- Double C (Highly Vulnerable)	Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to be highly vulnerable. Entities might not have required financial flexibility to continue meeting obligations; however, continuance of timely repayment is subject to external support.
C+,C,C- Single C (Extremely Vulnerable)	Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to be extremely Vulnerable in timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates entities with very serious problems and unless external support is provided, they would be unable to meet financial obligations.
D (Default)	Default Grade  Municipalities rated in this category are adjudged to be either already in default or expected to be in default.

Note: For long-term ratings, CRISL assigns + (Positive) sign to indicate that the entity is ranked at the upper-end of its generic rating category and - (Minus) sign to indicate that the entity is ranked at the bottom end of its generic rating category. Long-term ratings without any sign denote mid-levels of each group.

Short Term rating scale of municipality

RATING	DEFINITION
ST-1	Highest Grade  Highest certainty of timely repayment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative source of fund is outstanding. Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	Higher Grade  High certainty of timely repayment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade  Good certainty of timely repayment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital/financial market is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Moderate Grade  Moderate liquidity and other protection factors qualify an entity to be in investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Non-Investment Grade  Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to ensure discharging debt obligations. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.
ST-6	Default Municipalities is in default or is likely to be default in discharging its short-term obligations. Market access for liquidity and external support is uncertain.

Rating	Definition
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of Securities firms.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (High Safety)	Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A Single A (Adequate Safety)	Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that a securities firm is under-performing in some areas. These entities are however, considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations with special care and cautious operation. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BB+, BB, BB Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to lack of key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates a securities firm as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B Single B (Risky)	Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time, continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CCC+,CCC, CCC Triple C (Vulnerable)	Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to be with vulnerable protection factors. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is doubtful unless circumstances are favourable.
CC+,CC, CC- Double C	(High Vulnerable) Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to be with high vulnerable position. This rating indicates that the degree of certainty regarding timely payment of financial obligations is quite lower unless overall circumstances are favourable or there is possibility of high degree external support.
C	(Near to Default) Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to be with near to default in timely repayment of financial obligations. This type rating may be used to cover a situation where a insolvency petition has been filed or similar action has been taken, but payments on the obligation are being continued with high degree of external support.
D (Default)	Securities firms rated in this category are adjudged to be either currently in default or expected to be in default. This level of rating indicates that the entities are unlikely to meet maturing financial obligations and calls for immediate external support of a high

Short Term rating scale of securities firm

Rating	Definition
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding. Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital markets is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Satisfactory Grade Satisfactory liquidity and other protection factors qualify issues as to investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Non-Investment Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to insure against disruption in debt service. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.
ST-6	Default Entity failed to meet scheduled principal and/or interest payments.

RATING	DEFINITION
CRISLSe/Me-1 (Highest Safety)	Highest Investment Grade Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of entities.
CRISLSe/Me-2 (Higher Safety)	High Investment Grade Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates an entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
CRISLSe/Me-3 (Adequate Safety)	Investment Grade Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to o er adequate safety for timely repayment of nancial obligations. This level of rating indicates an enterprise with an adequate credit pro le. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
CRISLSe/Me-4 (Moderate Safety)	Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that an enterprise may also have some under-performing areas due to economic, financial or operational environment. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories. These Enterprises are however considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations.
CRISLSe/Me-5 (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative Grade Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to lack key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates an enterprises as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
CRISLSe/Me-6 (Risky)	Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems, which the enterprise is faced with. Whilst an enterprises rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time, continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CRISLSe/Me-7 (Vulnerable)	Non investment grade Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to be vulnerable and might fail to meet its repayments frequently or it may currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities. Continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CRISLSe/Me-8 (Highly Vulnerable)	Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to be highly vulnerable. Entities might not have required financial flexibility to continue meeting obligations; however, continuance of timely repayment is subject to external support.
CRISLSe/Me-9 (Extremely vulnerable)	Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to be extremely speculative in timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates Enterprises with very serious problems and unless external support is provided, they would be unable to meet financial obligations.
CRISLSe/Me-10 (Default)	Default Grade Enterprises rated in this category are adjudged to be either already in default or expected to be in default

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Investment Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of companies.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (High Safety)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A Single A (Adequate Safety)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Entities rated in this category are adj dged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that a company is under-performing in some areas. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories. These entities are however considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations.
BB+, BB, BB Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to lack key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates a company as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B Single B (Risky)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities.
CCC+,CCC , CCC Triple C (Vulnerable)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be vulnerable and might fail to meet its repayments frequently or it may currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities. Continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CC+,CC, CC Double C (High Vulnerable)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be very highly vulnerable. Entities might not have required financial flexibility to continue meeting obligations; however, continuance of timely repayment is subject to external support.
C+, C, C- (Extremely Speculative)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be with extremely speculative in timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates entities with very serious problems and unless external support is provided, they would be unable to meet financial obligations.
D (Default)	Default Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be either already in default or expected to be in default.

Note: For long-term ratings, CRISL assigns + (Positive) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the upper-end of its generic rating category and - (Minus) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the bottom end of its generic rating category. Long-term ratings without any sign denote mid-levels of each group.

Short Term rating scale of telecommunication companies (corporate)

RATING	DEFINITION
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding. Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital markets is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Moderate Grade Moderate liquidity and other protection factors qualify an entity to be in investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Speculative Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to ensure discharging debt obligations. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.

RATING	DEFINITION
AAA Triple A (Highest Safety)	Investment Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be of best quality, offer highest safety and have highest credit quality. Risk factors are negligible and risk free, nearest to risk free Government bonds and securities. Changing economic circumstances are unlikely to have any serious impact on this category of companies.
AA+, AA, AA- Double A (High Safety)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be of high quality, offer higher safety and have high credit quality. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with a sound credit profile and without significant problems. Risks are modest and may vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
A+, A, A Single A (Adequate Safety)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to offer adequate safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates a corporate entity with an adequate credit profile. Risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories.
BBB+, BBB, BBB Triple B (Moderate Safety)	Entities rated in this category are adj dged to offer moderate degree of safety for timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates that a company is under-performing in some areas. Risk factors are more variable in periods of economic stress than those rated in the higher categories. These entities are however considered to have the capability to overcome the above-mentioned limitations.
BB+, BB, BB Double B (Inadequate Safety)	Speculative Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to lack key protection factors, which results in an inadequate safety. This level of rating indicates a company as below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within this category.
B+, B, B Single B (Risky)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be with high risk. Timely repayment of financial obligations is impaired by serious problems which the entity is faced with. Whilst an entity rated in this category might be currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities.
CCC+,CCC , CCC Triple C (Vulnerable)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be vulnerable and might fail to meet its repayments frequently or it may currently meeting obligations in time through creating external liabilities. Continuance of this would depend upon favorable economic conditions or on some degree of external support.
CC+,CC, CC Double C (High Vulnerable)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be very highly vulnerable. Entities might not have required financial flexibility to continue meeting obligations; however, continuance of timely repayment is subject to external support.
C+, C, C- (Extremely Speculative)	Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be with extremely speculative in timely repayment of financial obligations. This level of rating indicates entities with very serious problems and unless external support is provided, they would be unable to meet financial obligations.
D (Default)	Default Grade Entities rated in this category are adjudged to be either already in default or expected to be in default.

Note: For long-term ratings, CRISL assigns + (Positive) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the upper-end of its generic rating category and - (Minus) sign to indicate that the issue is ranked at the bottom end of its generic rating category. Long-term ratings without any sign denote mid-levels of each group.

Short Term rating scale of trading concerns (corporate)

RATING	DEFINITION
ST-1	Highest Grade Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term liquidity including internal fund generation is very strong and access to alternative sources of funds is outstanding. Safety is almost like risk free Government short-term obligations.
ST-2	High Grade High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors are strong and supported by good fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
ST-3	Good Grade Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors and company fundamentals are sound. Although ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing requirements, access to capital markets is good. Risk factors are small.
ST-4	Moderate Grade Moderate liquidity and other protection factors qualify an entity to be in investment grade. Risk factors are larger and subject to more variation.
ST-5	Speculative Grade Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not sufficient to ensure discharging debt obligations. Operating factors and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation.